高质量医学数据资源

The PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2012 dataset contains ICU time-series records used for mortality prediction and patient-specific outcome modeling. It remains a useful benchmark for clinical time-series modeling, missingness-aware learning, and early warning model development.

cMedQA2 is an updated Chinese community medical question answering dataset for question-answer matching and medical QA research. It is useful for training and evaluating Chinese medical retrieval, ranking, and answer selection models.

AMOS is an abdominal multi-organ segmentation benchmark with CT and MRI cases for evaluating versatile medical image segmentation models. It supports abdominal organ segmentation, modality-general segmentation, and benchmarking of robust 3D segmentation methods.

REFUGE is a retinal fundus imaging challenge dataset for glaucoma assessment. It supports glaucoma classification, optic disc and cup segmentation, fovea localization, and fair comparison of ophthalmology AI methods on color fundus photographs.

The RSNA Pneumonia Detection Challenge dataset is a chest radiograph benchmark for detecting pneumonia-related lung opacities. It supports object detection, chest X-ray classification, localization, and radiology AI evaluation under a competition framework.

MURA is a musculoskeletal radiograph dataset from Stanford for abnormality detection in upper extremity X-rays. It is used for radiology classification, fracture-related screening, musculoskeletal imaging AI, and human-AI comparison studies.

ACDC is a cardiac MRI dataset for automated cardiac diagnosis and segmentation. It supports left and right ventricular segmentation, myocardium segmentation, cardiac function quantification, and evaluation of robust cardiac image analysis methods.

UK Biobank Imaging provides large-scale imaging phenotypes linked to genetic, lifestyle, and health outcome data. It is used for population-scale medical imaging AI, disease risk prediction, representation learning, multimodal biomedical modeling, and epidemiological AI studies.

The Cancer Genome Atlas is a large cancer genomics resource with molecular, clinical, and pathology-related data across many cancer types. It is a foundation dataset for oncology AI, survival prediction, subtype discovery, multimodal cancer modeling, and translational biomarker research.

OASIS provides open-access neuroimaging datasets for studying normal aging, dementia, and brain structure. It is useful for brain MRI segmentation, age prediction, dementia classification, longitudinal modeling, and neuroimaging method benchmarking.

ADNI provides longitudinal neuroimaging, biomarker, clinical, and cognitive data for Alzheimer disease research. It supports disease progression modeling, dementia diagnosis, multimodal prediction, biomarker discovery, and clinical translation studies.

EchoNet-Dynamic is a cardiac ultrasound video dataset with expert annotations for left ventricular function. It is used for echocardiography video understanding, ejection fraction estimation, cardiac segmentation, and clinical video AI research.

CAMELYON17 is a digital pathology dataset for detecting breast cancer metastases in lymph node whole-slide images across multiple centers. It supports pathology classification, metastasis detection, weakly supervised learning, and domain generalization in histopathology AI.

The ISIC Archive is a large public dermatology image repository for skin lesion analysis. It is widely used for melanoma classification, lesion segmentation, dermoscopic image retrieval, bias and domain shift analysis, and clinical imaging benchmark development.

fastMRI is a raw MRI dataset for accelerated magnetic resonance image reconstruction, originally released by NYU Langone Health and Meta AI. It is used for MRI reconstruction, compressed sensing replacement, generative reconstruction, and robustness evaluation.

MedMNIST v2 is a standardized collection of lightweight biomedical image classification datasets, including 2D and 3D tasks. It is useful for quick benchmarking, AutoML, foundation model sanity checks, and reproducible evaluation across multiple medical imaging domains.

BraTS 2024 provides multimodal brain MRI data and expert annotations for brain tumor segmentation and related tumor subregion analysis. It is a major benchmark for glioma segmentation, radiology AI, and robust multimodal MRI segmentation methods.

C4KC-KiTS is a TCIA imaging collection associated with kidney and kidney tumor segmentation benchmarks. It supports kidney segmentation, renal tumor segmentation, surgical planning research, and evaluation of abdominal CT segmentation models.

LIDC-IDRI is a lung CT dataset with thoracic CT scans and expert nodule annotations. It is a classic benchmark for lung nodule detection, segmentation, malignancy characterization, radiomics, and computer-aided diagnosis research.

VinDr-CXR is a chest X-ray dataset with radiologist annotations from Vietnamese hospitals. It supports abnormality classification, lesion localization, radiology object detection, and robustness studies across clinical sites and populations.

NIH ChestX-ray14 is a public chest radiograph dataset with image-level labels for thoracic disease findings mined from reports. It is commonly used for chest X-ray classification, weak supervision, thoracic disease detection, and radiology benchmark comparisons.

CheXpert is a large chest radiograph dataset from Stanford with uncertainty-aware labels for common chest X-ray findings. It is widely used for radiology classification, label uncertainty modeling, chest X-ray representation learning, and clinical imaging benchmarks.

Sleep-EDF Expanded contains polysomnographic sleep recordings with EEG and related physiological signals. It is used for sleep stage classification, biosignal time-series modeling, self-supervised learning on physiological signals, and clinical sleep research benchmarks.

PTB-XL is a large public 12-lead electrocardiography dataset with diagnostic statements and waveform records. It is a standard benchmark for ECG classification, cardiac abnormality detection, clinical signal representation learning, and robust evaluation of biosignal models.

The eICU Collaborative Research Database is a multicenter critical care database containing deidentified ICU data from many hospitals. It is commonly used for external validation, ICU outcome prediction, temporal modeling, and cross-site generalization studies in clinical AI.

MIMIC-IV-ECG is a large deidentified electrocardiogram dataset linked to the MIMIC-IV clinical data ecosystem. It supports ECG classification, arrhythmia detection, representation learning, and multimodal modeling with structured EHR context.

MIMIC-CXR is a large deidentified chest radiograph dataset with associated free-text radiology reports. It is widely used for chest X-ray classification, report generation, image-text representation learning, radiology retrieval, and medical multimodal foundation model evaluation.

MIMIC-IV-Note provides deidentified clinical notes linked to MIMIC-IV hospital data. It supports clinical NLP tasks such as note representation learning, discharge summary modeling, information extraction, summarization, and multimodal EHR-text modeling.

MIMIC-IV is a large deidentified electronic health record dataset from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, covering hospital and ICU data for critical care research. It is a core benchmark source for clinical prediction, temporal EHR modeling, phenotyping, and healthcare AI method development.

SLAKE is a semantically labeled medical visual question answering dataset with bilingual English-Chinese questions, medical images, and knowledge-enhanced annotations. It is useful for medical multimodal learning, image-grounded QA, and radiology VQA evaluation.

CMCQA is a large Chinese medical conversational question-answering dataset released with knowledge-grounded medical dialogue research. It supports medical conversation QA, knowledge-grounded response generation, and evaluation of Chinese medical dialogue systems.

HuatuoGPT2-SFT-GPT4-140K is a Chinese medical supervised fine-tuning dataset containing medical instruction-style conversations and GPT-4-assisted responses. It is useful for Chinese medical assistant alignment and medical LLM instruction tuning.

Huatuo-26M is a large-scale Chinese medical question-answering dataset with about 26 million QA pairs collected for medical language modeling and medical dialogue research. It is suitable for Chinese medical LLM pretraining, fine-tuning, and QA system development.

MedQA is a medical examination question answering benchmark with English and Chinese medical licensing-style question sets, including mainland China and Taiwan variants. It is widely used for medical QA and medical reasoning evaluation.

MedDG is an entity-centric Chinese medical consultation dataset with domain entity annotations for medical dialogue generation. It supports entity-aware response generation, medical consultation modeling, and dialogue systems that ground responses in clinical concepts.

CMB is a comprehensive Chinese medical benchmark for evaluating medical large language models on medical exams, reasoning, and clinical knowledge questions. It is suited for Chinese medical QA, LLM evaluation, and instruction-following assessment.

CBLUE is a Chinese biomedical language understanding benchmark covering real-world biomedical NLP tasks such as named entity recognition, relation extraction, term normalization, clinical trial classification, sentence similarity, and medical question answering. It is useful for evaluating Chinese clinical NLP models and medical language models.

Low-dose CT imaging collection from the National Lung Screening Trial, distributed by The Cancer Imaging Archive.

Legacy multi-task biomedical image segmentation benchmark retained as a reference; newer segmentation benchmarks are listed above it.

NIH Clinical Center chest X-ray dataset released for computer-aided detection and radiology machine learning research.

Stanford chest radiograph dataset for automated chest X-ray interpretation and uncertainty-aware label evaluation.

Large publicly available 12-lead ECG waveform dataset with diagnostic labels, hosted on PhysioNet.

JPG-formatted chest radiographs with labels derived from free-text reports, hosted by PhysioNet.

Deidentified EHR data for ICU and hospital patients at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, distributed through PhysioNet with credentialed access.

Foundation model and toolkit for all-in-one biomedical image parsing across recognition, detection, and segmentation tasks.

Medical LLM benchmark and leaderboard intended to broaden coverage beyond single medical QA datasets.

Benchmark for evaluating health AI model safety, helpfulness, and clinical-relevance judgments with physician-reviewed rubrics.

Google Health AI Developer Foundations open model resources for medical text and medical image understanding, including MedGemma 1.5 resources.

Interactive medical image segmentation benchmark and baseline from CVPR 2025, covering multiple modalities, organs, and target structures.

Multimodal clinical data foundation and benchmark introduced at ICML 2025 for clinical foundation model research.