ICLR 2026 Poster accepted paper at ICLR 2026. Cancer treatment efficacy exhibits high inter-patient heterogeneity due to genomic variations. While large-scale in vitro drug response data from cancer cell lines exist, predicting patient drug responses remains challenging due to genomic distribution shifts and the scarcity of clinical response data. Existing transfer learning methods primarily align global genomic features between cell lines and patients. However, they often ignore two critical aspects. First, drug response depends on specific drug substructures and genomic pathways. Second, drug response mechanisms differ in vitro and in vivo settings due to factors such as the immune system and tumor microenvironment.
