搜索医学 AI 论文与资源

ICLR 2026 Poster accepted paper at ICLR 2026. Visual Question Answering (VQA) enables targeted and context-dependent analysis of medical images, such as chest X-rays (CXRs). However, existing VQA datasets for CXRs are typically constrained by simplistic and brief answer formats, lacking localization annotations (e.g., bounding boxes) and structured tags (e.g., region or radiological finding/disease tags). To address these limitations, we introduce MIMIC-Ext-CXR-QBA (abbr. CXR-QBA), a large-scale CXR VQA dataset derived from MIMIC-CXR, comprising 42 million QA-pairs with multi-granular, multi-part answers, detailed bounding boxes, and structured tags. Code/project link: https://github.com/philip-mueller/mimic-ext-cxr-qba/

ICLR 2026 Poster accepted paper at ICLR 2026. Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for radiology report generation are typically trained to mimic the narrative flow of human experts. However, we identify a potential limitation in this conventional paradigm. We hypothesize that optimizing for narrative coherence encourages models to rely on linguistic priors and inter-sentence correlations, which can weaken their grounding in direct visual evidence and lead to factual inaccuracies. To investigate this, we design a controlled experiment demonstrating that as textual context increases, a model's reliance on the input image systematically decays. We propose LLaVA-TA (Topic-guided and Anatomy-aware), a new fine-tuning framework that directly addresses this challenge by re-engineering the generation process.

ICLR 2026 Poster accepted paper at ICLR 2026. Medical image segmentation is fundamental to clinical decision-making, yet existing models remain fragmented. They are usually trained on single knowledge sources and specific to individual tasks, modalities, or organs. This fragmentation contrasts sharply with clinical practice, where experts seamlessly integrate diverse knowledge: anatomical priors from training, exemplar-based reasoning from reference cases, and iterative refinement through real-time interaction. We present $\textbf{K-Prism}$, a unified segmentation framework that mirrors this clinical flexibility by systematically integrating three knowledge paradigms: (i) $\textit{semantic priors}$ learned from annotated datasets, (ii) $\textit{in-context knowledge}$ from few-shot reference examples, and (iii) $\textit{interactive feedback}$ from user inputs like clicks or scribbles. Code/project link: https://github.com/bangwayne/K-Prism

ICLR 2026 Poster accepted paper at ICLR 2026. Automatic radiology reporting assists radiologists in diagnosing abnormalities in radiology images, where grounding the automatic diagnosis with abnormality locations is important for the report interpretability. However, existing supervised-learning methods could lead to learning the superficial statistical correlations between images and reports, lacking multi-faceted reasoning to critique the relevant regions on which radiologists would focus. Recently, self-critical reasoning has been investigated in test-time scaling approaches to alleviate hallucinations of LLMs with increased time complexity. In this work, we focus on chest X-ray report generation with particular focus on clinical accuracy, where self-critical reasoning is alternatively introduced into the model architecture and their training objective, preferred by the real-time automatic reporting system.

The RSNA Pneumonia Detection Challenge dataset is a chest radiograph benchmark for detecting pneumonia-related lung opacities. It supports object detection, chest X-ray classification, localization, and radiology AI evaluation under a competition framework.

MURA is a musculoskeletal radiograph dataset from Stanford for abnormality detection in upper extremity X-rays. It is used for radiology classification, fracture-related screening, musculoskeletal imaging AI, and human-AI comparison studies.

VinDr-CXR is a chest X-ray dataset with radiologist annotations from Vietnamese hospitals. It supports abnormality classification, lesion localization, radiology object detection, and robustness studies across clinical sites and populations.

NIH ChestX-ray14 is a public chest radiograph dataset with image-level labels for thoracic disease findings mined from reports. It is commonly used for chest X-ray classification, weak supervision, thoracic disease detection, and radiology benchmark comparisons.

CheXpert is a large chest radiograph dataset from Stanford with uncertainty-aware labels for common chest X-ray findings. It is widely used for radiology classification, label uncertainty modeling, chest X-ray representation learning, and clinical imaging benchmarks.

MIMIC-CXR is a large deidentified chest radiograph dataset with associated free-text radiology reports. It is widely used for chest X-ray classification, report generation, image-text representation learning, radiology retrieval, and medical multimodal foundation model evaluation.

NIH Clinical Center chest X-ray dataset released for computer-aided detection and radiology machine learning research.

Stanford chest radiograph dataset for automated chest X-ray interpretation and uncertainty-aware label evaluation.

JPG-formatted chest radiographs with labels derived from free-text reports, hosted by PhysioNet.

Foundation model and toolkit for all-in-one biomedical image parsing across recognition, detection, and segmentation tasks.

Google Health AI Developer Foundations open model resources for medical text and medical image understanding, including MedGemma 1.5 resources.

Interactive medical image segmentation benchmark and baseline from CVPR 2025, covering multiple modalities, organs, and target structures.